The LPR and DPR are currently occupying parts of Ukraine’s Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts which together are referred to as the Donbas Region, and which the United Nations considers to be a part of Ukraine's territory. ![]() These two separatist groups are supported by the Russian Government both politically and with material resources. ![]() According to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), the main armed actors in the conflict are the Ukrainian Government, led by President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy the Russian Government, led by President of Russia, Vladimir Putin and two Kremlin-backed separatist groups in the breakaway republics of Donetsk and Luhansk: the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) and Donetsk People's Republic (DPR). Throughout the war, there have been numerous reports of sexual violence being used in the armed conflict. These referendums were widely condemned as a sham, a violation of international law, and a move designed to further Russia's annexation of the region. In late September 2022, Russia staged referendums in four parts of occupied Ukraine – the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk and Luhansk regions – in which these regions voted in favor of joining the Russian Federation. In the months since, fighting has spread across the country as Russian forces attempt to expand their control. In February 2022, Russia escalated the conflict, launching a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Russia and Ukraine have been at war since 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea and further invaded Ukraine’s Donbas region.
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